Recruitment of transposable elements by the host for specific structures to perform novel functions is one of the structural functions. Recent studies have shown that transposable elements play an important role in the evolution of eukaryotic chromosome structure especially the telomeres, pericentromeres and knobs, components involved in cell division and non protein coding regions of chromosomes. Transposable elements in structural designing TEs contribute like hidden magicians and reshaped the architecture and functionality of the host genome. Invasion of TEs enhanced the evolution of genome at different strata which ranges from sequence to chromosome level. The present review focuses on the positive contributions of transposable elements in the eukaryotic genome. It is followed by repression of the transposable elements, or recruitment of the whole or part of the transposable elements for specific function 2. Escape from this dead end scenario could be via horizontal transfer, which later opens a new cycle of invasion of a naïve genome. On invasion, TEs are silenced by repressive mechanisms of transposition wherein immobilized sequences are doomed for extinction. Some researchers proposed these elements to be domesticated 2 while others contend these as parasites 3. Being neither beneficial nor harmful to the cells, the exact nature and role of these elements are not clear. Classification of eukaryotic transposable elements.ĭuring the course of evolution these elements regularly invaded from eubacteria to eubacteria, and between bacteria to eukaryotes.
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